DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAPACITOR

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAPACITOR

There different types of capacitor out which few named here electrolytic, ceramic, tantalum, polyester film etc.

A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electronic component that temporarily stores electrical energy. This improves battery life as well. Capacitor is also used for filtration of signals.

Capacitor is just two conductors separated by an insulator means dielectric, if the dielectric is ceramic it will be ceramic capacitor and if it is tantalum dielectric then it is tantalum capacitor. Generally we use electrolytic and ceramic capacitors.

WHAT IS A POLARIZED CAPACITOR?

All electrolytic capacitors (e-caps) are polarized capacitors whose anode (+) is made of a particular metal on which an insulating oxide layer formed by anodization, acting as the dielectric of the electrolytic capacitor. Polarity means anode (+) and cathode (–)

ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

Electrolytic capacitors are polarized. You can see the negative sign (–) in-front of a terminal and the other terminal is anode(+), while connecting it to a circuit you need to keep in mind the polarity of terminals of the capacitor.  (The electrolytic and tantalum capacitors are polarized)

How to find the capacitance by rating –

You can see here 4700uF (microFarad) and can stand with a voltage of 16 V.

CERAMIC CAPACITOR

Ceramic capacitors are not polarized, there is no any terminal is anode (+) or cathode (–).

HOW TO CALCULATE THE CAPACITANCE OF CERAMIC CAPACITOR

For example rating is 102 of a capacitor then the capacitance is equals to

NOTE: Voltage Rating – The voltage that you see with capacitors is the maximum voltage you can safely apply to the capacity or before you start to run the risk of the capacitor physically breaking down. Sometimes it just gets hot, sometimes this happens as an explosion or sometimes fire.

Capacitors act like a short circuited at high frequencies and an open circuited at low frequencies.

By the Capacitive reactance formula:

Xc = 1 / 2 π F C

where,

Xc → reactance in ohms (W) 

f → frequency in hertz (Hz)

C → capacitance in farads (F)

If capacitors act as open circuited for DC or low frequency signals then how can be used in DC circuits?

Here are two cases: 1. Capacitor in series with signal, 2. Capacitor in parallel with signal

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